![]() ![]() THM form when they interact with components of NOM ( Rook 1974), particularly, a subset of NOM called aquatic humic substances (AHS) ( Li & Sun 2001 Paim et al. The implementation of new treatment methods has found increased interest amongst communities and municipalities that are having difficulty meeting regulatory requirements for DBP most notably, a subset of carbon-DBP called trihalomethanes (THM). DBP, including both carbon-DBP and nitrogen-DBP, have been labelled as being potentially carcinogenic and genotoxic ( Health Canada 2006 Muellner et al. Given this ambiguous nature, NOM is a concerning issue in the field of potable water treatment as it leads to aesthetic and health concerns including, odour, taste, water treatment plant operation issues (high coagulant dosages, filter fouling, etc.) and the formation of disinfection by-products (DBP) ( Boorman et al. The role of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface waters is ambiguous in nature in terms of scope and functionality ( Josephson 1982 Bruchet et al. The results produced in the bench-scale experiments were used very successfully in a full-scale upgrade of the Rainy River water treatment plant. High exchange capacities were recorded for the TAN-1 (3.02 mg mL –1) and PWA9 (2.03 mg mL –1) resins – both of which contain styrene backbones. Breakthrough output following 1,000 treated bed volumes was noted as the point at which THMFP levels reach the 0.1 mg L –1 water quality standard threshold required by Canadian regulators. Complete resin breakthrough occurred followed by 1,275 and 1,075 bed volumes for TOC and THMFP, respectively. ![]() ![]() Fixed-bed fluidized bed contactor was used to investigate the TOC/THMFP breakthrough for the DOWEX TAN-1 resin. IX resin (DOWEX TAN-1, Purolite 502P and 860, and Amberlite PWA9) removed 68–72% of TOC and 30–40% THMFP from the conventionally filtered water. The primary goal was to investigate the total organic carbon (TOC) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) removal as a function of resin dose and note the relative improvements over current conventional plant operation. ![]() The objectives of this study were to investigate the ability for ion-exchange (IX) to control trihalomethane (THM) formation, and to act as a potential treatment addition (upgrade) to a conventional treatment plant in Rainy River Ontario, Canada. ![]()
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